Federated state

A federated state (also state, province, region, canton, land, governorate, oblast, emirate, or country) is a territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federation. A federated state does not have international sovereignty since powers are divided between the other federated states and the federal government. Unlike international sovereign states, which have what is often referred to as Westphalian sovereignty (such as exercised by their federal government), federated states operate under their domestic or federal law with relation to the rest of the world.

image
Federated states of various types exist within many of the modern federal states (represented in green).

Federated states do not have automatic standing as entities of international law. Instead, the federal union (federation) as a single entity is the sovereign state for purposes of international law. Depending on the constitutional structure of a particular federation, a federated state can hold various degrees of legislative, judicial, and administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory and is a form of regional government. A federated state may nonetheless establish offices internationally, for example, to promote trade or tourism, while still operating only within the trade policy or other applicable law of their federation, and their host country. They also may enter into international regional agreements under the laws of their federation and state, such as to protect a cross-border resource like water or other shared matters.

In some cases, a federation is created from the union of political entities that are either independent or dependent territories of another sovereign entity (most commonly a colonial power). In other cases, federated states have been created out of the administrative divisions of previously unitary states. Once a federal constitution is formed, the rules governing the relationship between federal and regional powers become part of the country's constitutional law and not international law.

In countries with federal constitutions, there is a division of power between the central government and the component states. These entities – states, provinces, counties, cantons, Länder, etc. – are partially self-governing and are afforded a degree of constitutionally guaranteed autonomy that varies substantially from one federation to another. Depending on the form the decentralization of powers takes, a federated state's legislative powers may or may not be overruled or vetoed by the federal government. Laws governing the relationship between federal and regional powers can be amended through the national or federal constitution, and, if they exist, state constitutions as well.

In terms of internal politics, federated states can have republican or monarchical forms of government. Those of republican form (federated republics) are usually called states (like states of the US) or republics (like republics in the former USSR).

List of constituents by federation

The federated units in the table below have inherent governmental authority in the federation's constitutional system, while the "other units" are delegated authority by the federal government or are administered directly by it. [citation needed]

Federation Federated units Other units
image Argentina 23 provinces:
  • image Buenos Aires
  • image Catamarca
  • image Chaco
  • image Chubut
  • image Córdoba
  • image Corrientes
  • image Entre Ríos
  • image Formosa
  • image Jujuy
  • image La Pampa
  • image La Rioja
  • image Mendoza
  • image Misiones
  • image Neuquén
  • image Río Negro
  • image Salta
  • image San Juan
  • image San Luis
  • image Santa Cruz
  • image Santa Fe
  • image Santiago del Estero
  • image Tierra del Fuego
  • image Tucumán
1 autonomous city:
  • image Buenos Aires
image Australia 6 states:
  • image New South Wales
  • image Queensland
  • image South Australia
  • image Tasmania
  • image Victoria
  • image Western Australia
3 internal territories:
  • image Australian Capital Territory
  • image Jervis Bay Territory
  • image Northern Territory
7 external territories:
  • image Ashmore and Cartier Islands
  • image Australian Antarctic Territory
  • image Christmas Island
  • image Cocos (Keeling) Islands
  • image Coral Sea Islands Territory
  • image Heard Island and McDonald Islands
  • image Norfolk Island
image Austria 9 states:
  • image Vienna
  • image Lower Austria
  • image Upper Austria
  • image Styria
  • image Tyrol
  • image Carinthia
  • image Salzburg
  • image Vorarlberg
  • image Burgenland
image Belgium 3 regions:
  • image Flanders
  • image Wallonia
  • image Brussels
3 communities:
  • image Flemish
  • image French
  • image German-speaking
image Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 entities:
1 self-governing district:
  • Brčko (officially condominium of both constituents)
The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is itself a federation of 10 cantons:
  • image Una-Sana
  • image Posavina
  • image Tuzla
  • image Zenica-Doboj
  • image Bosnian Podrinje
  • image Central Bosnia
  • image Herzegovina-Neretva
  • image West Herzegovina
  • image Sarajevo
  • image Canton 10
image Brazil 26 states:
  • image Acre
  • image Alagoas
  • image Amapá
  • image Amazonas
  • image Bahia
  • image Ceará
  • image Espírito Santo
  • image Goiás
  • image Maranhão
  • image Mato Grosso
  • image Mato Grosso do Sul
  • image Minas Gerais
  • image Pará
  • image Paraíba
  • image Paraná
  • image Pernambuco
  • image Piauí
  • image Rio de Janeiro
  • image Rio Grande do Norte
  • image Rio Grande do Sul
  • image Rondônia
  • image Roraima
  • image Santa Catarina
  • image São Paulo
  • image Sergipe
  • image Tocantins
1 federal district:
  • image Distrito Federal
image Canada 10 provinces:
  • image Alberta
  • image British Columbia
  • image Manitoba
  • image New Brunswick
  • image Newfoundland and Labrador
  • image Nova Scotia
  • image Ontario
  • image Prince Edward Island
  • image Quebec
  • image Saskatchewan
3 territories:
  • image Northwest Territories
  • image Nunavut
  • image Yukon
image Ethiopia 12 regions:
  • image Afar
  • image Amhara
  • image Benishangul-Gumuz
  • image Central Ethiopia
  • image Gambela
  • image Harari
  • image Oromia
  • image Sidama
  • image Somali
  • image South Ethiopia
  • image Southwest
  • image Tigray
2 chartered cities:
  • image Addis Ababa
  • image Dire Dawa
image Germany 16 states:
  • image Baden-Württemberg
  • image Bavaria
  • image Berlin
  • image Brandenburg
  • image Bremen
  • image Hamburg
  • image Hesse
  • image Lower Saxony
  • image Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
  • image North Rhine-Westphalia
  • image Rhineland-Palatinate
  • image Saarland
  • image Saxony
  • image Saxony-Anhalt
  • image Schleswig-Holstein
  • image Thuringia
image India 28 states:
  • Andhra Pradesh
  • Arunachal Pradesh
  • Assam
  • Bihar
  • Chhattisgarh
  • Goa
  • Gujarat
  • Haryana
  • Himachal Pradesh
  • Jharkhand
  • Karnataka
  • Kerala
  • Madhya Pradesh
  • Maharashtra
  • Manipur
  • Meghalaya
  • Mizoram
  • Nagaland
  • Odisha
  • Punjab
  • Rajasthan
  • Sikkim
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Telangana
  • Tripura
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Uttarakhand
  • West Bengal
8 union territories:
  • Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  • Chandigarh
  • Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
  • National Capital Territory of Delhi
  • Jammu and Kashmir
  • Ladakh
  • Lakshadweep
  • Puducherry
image Iraq 18 (official) governorates:
  • image Al Anbar
  • image Erbil
  • image Babylon
  • image Baghdad
  • image Basra
  • image Dhi Qar
  • image Diyala
  • image Dohuk
  • image Halabja (unofficial)
  • image Karbala
  • image Kirkuk
  • image Maysan
  • image Muthanna
  • image Najaf
  • image Nineveh
  • image Al-Qādisiyyah
  • image Saladin
  • image Sulaymaniyah
  • image Wasit
1 federal region:
  • image Kurdistan Region (overlaps the area of Duhok, Erbil, and Sulaymaniyah—including Halabja—governorates)
image Malaysia 13 states:
  • image Johor
  • image Kedah
  • image Kelantan
  • image Malacca
  • image Negeri Sembilan
  • image Pahang
  • image Penang
  • image Perak
  • image Perlis
  • image Sabah
  • image Sarawak
  • image Selangor
  • image Terengganu
3 federal territories:
  • image Putrajaya
  • image Kuala Lumpur
  • image Labuan
image Mexico 31 states:
  • image Aguascalientes
  • image Baja California
  • image Baja California Sur
  • image Campeche
  • image Chiapas
  • image Chihuahua
  • image Coahuila
  • image Colima
  • image Durango
  • image Guanajuato
  • image Guerrero
  • image Hidalgo
  • image Jalisco
  • image State of Mexico
  • image Michoacán
  • image Morelos
  • image Nayarit
  • image Nuevo León
  • image Oaxaca
  • image Puebla
  • image Querétaro
  • image Quintana Roo
  • image San Luis Potosí
  • image Sinaloa
  • image Sonora
  • image Tabasco
  • image Tamaulipas
  • image Tlaxcala
  • image Veracruz
  • image Yucatán
  • image Zacatecas
1 autonomous city:
  • image Mexico City
image Micronesia 4 states:
  • image Chuuk
  • image Kosrae
  • image Pohnpei
  • image Yap
image   Nepal 7 provinces:
  • Bagmati
  • Gandaki
  • Karnali
  • Koshi
  • Lumbini
  • Madhesh
  • Sudurpashchim
image Nigeria 36 states:
  • image Abia
  • image Adamawa
  • image Akwa Ibom
  • image Anambra
  • image Bauchi
  • image Bayelsa
  • image Benue
  • image Borno
  • image Cross River
  • image Delta
  • image Ebonyi
  • image Edo
  • image Ekiti
  • image Enugu
  • image Gombe
  • image Imo
  • image Jigawa
  • image Kaduna
  • image Kano
  • image Katsina
  • image Kebbi
  • image Kogi
  • image Kwara
  • image Lagos
  • image Nasarawa
  • image Niger
  • image Ogun
  • image Ondo
  • image Osun
  • image Oyo
  • image Plateau
  • image Rivers
  • image Sokoto
  • image Taraba
  • image Yobe
  • image Zamfara
1 territory:
  • image Federal Capital Territory
image Pakistan 4 provinces:
  • image Balochistan
  • image Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
  • image Punjab
  • image Sindh
2 autonomous territories:
  • image Azad Jammu and Kashmir
  • image Gilgit-Baltistan
1 federal territory:

image Islamabad Capital Territory

image Russia 45 oblasts:
  • image Amur
  • image Arkhangelsk
  • image Astrakhan
  • image Belgorod
  • image Bryansk
  • image Chelyabinsk
  • image Irkutsk
  • image Ivanovo
  • image Kaliningrad
  • image Kaluga
  • image Kemerovo
  • image Kirov
  • image Kostroma
  • image Kurgan
  • image Kursk
  • image Leningrad
  • image Lipetsk
  • image Magadan
  • image Moscow Oblast
  • image Murmansk
  • image Nizhny Novgorod
  • image Novgorod
  • image Novosibirsk
  • image Omsk
  • image Orenburg
  • image Oryol
  • image Penza
  • image Pskov
  • image Rostov
  • image Ryazan
  • image Sakhalin
  • image Samara
  • image Saratov
  • image Smolensk
  • image Sverdlovsk
  • image Tambov
  • image Tomsk
  • image Tver
  • image Tula
  • image Tyumen
  • image Ulyanovsk
  • image Vladimir
  • image Volgograd
  • image Vologda
  • image Voronezh
  • image Yaroslavl
20 republics:
  • image Adygea
  • image Altai Republic
  • image Bashkortostan
  • image Buryatia
  • image Chechnya
  • image Chuvashia
  • image Dagestan
  • image Ingushetia
  • image Kabardino-Balkaria
  • image Kalmykia
  • image Karachay-Cherkessia
  • image Karelia
  • image Khakassia
  • image Komi
  • image Mari El
  • image Mordovia
  • image North Ossetia-Alania
  • image Sakha
  • image Tatarstan
  • image Tuva
  • image Udmurtia
9 krais:
  • image Altai Krai
  • image Kamchatka
  • image Khabarovsk
  • image Krasnodar
  • image Krasnoyarsk
  • image Perm
  • image Primorsky
  • image Stavropol
  • image Zabaykalsky
4 autonomous okrugs:
  • image Chukotka
  • image Khanty–Mansi
  • image Nenets
  • image Yamalo-Nenets
2 federal cities:
  • image Moscow
  • image Saint Petersburg
1 autonomous oblast:
  • image Jewish Autonomous Oblast
image Saint Kitts and Nevis 1 autonomous island:
  • image Nevis
Saint Kitts:
  • image Saint Kitts
image Somalia 6 federal member states:
  • image Galmudug
  • image Hirshabelle
  • image Jubaland
  • image Khatumo
  • image Puntland
  • image South West
image South Sudan 10 states:
  • image Central Equatoria
  • image Eastern Equatoria
  • image Jonglei
  • image Lakes
  • image Northern Bahr el Ghazal
  • image Unity
  • image Upper Nile
  • image Warrap
  • image Western Bahr el Ghazal
  • image Western Equatoria
3 administrative areas:
  • image Abyei
  • image Greater Pibor
  • image Ruweng
image Sudan 18 states:
  • image Blue Nile
  • image Central Darfur
  • image East Darfur
  • image Gezira
  • image Kassala
  • image Khartoum
  • image North Darfur
  • image North Kordofan
  • image Northern
  • image Al Qadarif
  • image Red Sea
  • image Sennar
  • image South Darfur
  • image South Kordofan
  • image River Nile
  • image West Darfur
  • image West Kordofan
  • imageWhite Nile
1 special administrative status area:
  • image Abyei
image  Switzerland 26 cantons:
  • image Aargau
  • image Appenzell Ausserrhoden
  • image Appenzell Innerrhoden
  • image Basel-Landschaft
  • image Basel-Stadt
  • image Bern
  • image Fribourg
  • image Geneva
  • image Glarus
  • image Grisons
  • image Jura
  • image Lucerne
  • image Neuchâtel
  • image Nidwalden
  • image Obwalden
  • image Schaffhausen
  • image Schwyz
  • image Solothurn
  • image St. Gallen
  • image Thurgau
  • image Ticino
  • image Uri
  • image Valais
  • image Vaud
  • image Zug
  • image Zürich
image United Arab Emirates 7 emirates:
  • image Abu Dhabi
  • image Ajman
  • image Dubai
  • image Fujairah
  • image Ras Al Khaimah
  • image Sharjah
  • image Umm al-Quwain
image United States 50 states:
  • image Alabama
  • image Alaska
  • image Arizona
  • image Arkansas
  • image California
  • image Colorado
  • image Connecticut
  • image Delaware
  • image Florida
  • image Georgia
  • image Hawaii
  • image Idaho
  • image Illinois
  • image Indiana
  • image Iowa
  • image Kansas
  • image Kentucky
  • image Louisiana
  • image Maine
  • image Maryland
  • image Massachusetts
  • image Michigan
  • image Minnesota
  • image Mississippi
  • image Missouri
  • image Montana
  • image Nebraska
  • image Nevada
  • image New Hampshire
  • image New Jersey
  • image New Mexico
  • image New York
  • image North Carolina
  • image North Dakota
  • image Ohio
  • image Oklahoma
  • image Oregon
  • image Pennsylvania
  • image Rhode Island
  • image South Carolina
  • image South Dakota
  • image Tennessee
  • image Texas
  • image Utah
  • image Vermont
  • image Virginia
  • image Washington
  • image West Virginia
  • image Wisconsin
  • image Wyoming
1 federal district:
  • image District of Columbia
1 incorporated territory:
  •   Palmyra Atoll
13 unincorporated territories:
  • image American Samoa
  • image Guam
  • image Northern Mariana Islands
  • image Puerto Rico
  • image U.S. Virgin Islands
  • Minor outlying islands:

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